COVID-19 clinical guidelines

• Ibuprofen use and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12 June 2020
• The Combination of Tocilizumab and Methylprednisolone Along With Initial Lung Recruitment Strategy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Series of 21 Consecutive Cases, Critical Care Explorations, 2 June 2020
• Endpoints used in phase III randomized controlled trials of treatment options for COVID-19, The Lancet, 2 June 2020
• Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, The Lancet, 30 May 2020
• Randomized evaluation of COVID-19 therapy, Recovery, 14 May 2020
• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the renin- angiotensin system: a closer look at angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 1 May 2020
• In Defense of Evidence-Based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 ARDS, Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 22 April 2020
• Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 20 April 2020
• COVID-19 and the rationale for pharmacotherapy : a South African perspective, Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, April 2020
• Should ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers be withdrawn in the current setting of COVID-19 infection?, Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, April 2020
• Case study: a patient with asthma, COVID-19 pneumonia and cytokine release syndrome treated with corticosteroids and tocilizumab, Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, April 2020
• Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (JAMA, 13 April 2020).
• Is There a Role for Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) as a Novel Treatment for Refractory COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)? (Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 6 April 2020).
• Treating COVID-19-Off-Label Drug Use, Compassionate Use, and Randomized Clinical Trials during Pandemics, JAMA, 24 March 2020 .
• Assessment of Evidence for COVID-19-Related Treatments: Updated 3/27/2020 .
• SAHPRA cautions against medicine stockpiling including Chloroquine containing products .

1. Hydroxychloroquine

• Hydroxychloroquine side-effects raise concerns for rheumatology patients, The Lancet, 10 June 2020
• Statement from the Chief Investigators of the Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy (RECOVERY) Trial on hydroxychloroquine, Media release, 5 June 2020
• Hydroxychloroquine proven to be ineffective in preventing COVID-19: A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19, NEJM, 3 June 2020
• Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis, The Lancet, 22 May 2020
• Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 7 May 2020
• Virological and clinical cure in COVID?19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: A systematic review and meta?analysis, Journal of Medical Virology, 16 April 2020
• NDOH updated recommendations for Chloroquine use for COVID- 19 Circular, 30 March 2020 
• Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk Due to Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment for COVID-19, American College of Cardiology, 29 March 2020
• FDA response on use of hydroxyl-chloroquine , Letter, 28 March 2020
• Recommended usage of Hydro-chloroquine by the Indian Council of medical research for COVID-19 treatment, Advisory Statement, 22 March 2020
• Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 17 March 2020
• A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 Chloroquine as a COVID-19 treatment, Journal of Critical Care, 10 March 2020
• A possible role for a single dose hydroxychloroquine for prevention of lethal Coronavirus infection, Article, March 2020
• Open-Data Repository on hydroxychloroquine for treatment and prophylaxis for COVID-19, independent group of scientists, physicians, statisticians and lawyer, March 2020

2. Antibodies as treatment for COVID-19

• Hospital-Wide SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Screening in 3056 Staff in a Tertiary Center in Belgium, JAMA, 15 June 2020
• Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19, JAMA, 15 June 2020
• Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study, The Lancet, 11 June 2020
• A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19-Potentially Hopeful Signals, JAMA, 3 June 2020
• Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA, 3 June 2020
• Stability and neutralising capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in convalescent plasma, The Lancet, 1 June 2020
• Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020, JAMA, 18 May 2020
• Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patient' B Cells, Cell, 17 May 2020
• Cross-reactive Antibody Response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Infections, Cell, 17 May 2020
• Mount Sinai to Begin the Transfer of COVID-19 Antibodies into Critically Ill Patients, Health research, 24 March 2020.
• Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma, JAMA, 27 March 2020

3. BCG vaccine 

• SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Un-vaccinated Young Adults, JAMA, 13 May 2020
• BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?, Nature, 11 May 2020
• Considering BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19, The Lancet, 30 April 2020
• Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study, medRXiv (preprint and not yet peer-reviewed), 28 March 2020

4. Remdesivir

• Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe COVID-19, NEJM, 27 May 2020
• Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19 - Preliminary Report, NEJM, 22 May 2020
• Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, The Lancet, 29 April 2020

5. Actemra (Tocilizumab)

• ''Tociluzumab challenge: A series of cytokine storm therapy experience in hospitalized COVID?19 pneumonia patients'', Journal of Medical Virology, 2 June 2020
• The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 29 March 2020
• Roche statement on use of Actemra for COVID-19, 26 March 2020
• Genentech Announces FDA Approval of Clinical Trial for Actemra to Treat Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. [press release]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, a member of the Roche Group; March 23, 2020

6. Corticosteroids

• Impact of Glucocorticoid treatment in SARS-COV-2 Infection mortality: A Retrospective Controlled Cohort Study, medRxiv, 26 May 2020
• Early Short Course Corticosteroids in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19 May 2020
• Impact of corticosteroid therapy on outcomes of persons with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Infection, 10 April 2020

7. Vaccine Development for COVID-19

• Development of potential COVID-19 vaccines continues to accelerate, The Lancet, July 2020
• COVID-19 vaccines for all?, The Lancet, 13 June 2020
• Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV), JAMA, 28 May 2020
• Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial, The Lancet, 22 May 2020
• SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report, Immunity, 6 April 2020

8. Immunoglobulin treatment

• Successful intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia, IDCases, 16 May 2020

9. Zinc as a treatment for COVID-19

• Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win todays battle against COVID-19?, Medical Hypothesis, 6 May 2020
• Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture, PLOSPATHOGENS, 4 Nov 2010
• Chloroquine is a Zinc Lonophore: interactions of zinc ions with chloroquine, PLOSONE, 1 October 2014

10. Ivermectin

• Study indicating that Ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro (Antiviral research, 3 April 2020)

11. Pluristem

• Six critically ill coronavirus patients considered high-risk for mortality have been treated with Pluristem's placenta-based cell-therapy product and survived, according to preliminary data provided by the Haifa-based company. (Jerusalem post, 12 April 2020)

12. Teicoplanin

• Is Teicoplanin a complementary treatment option for COVID-19? The question remains, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 23 May 2020
• Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19?, International Journal of Antimicrobial agents, March 2020.

13. Dexamethasone

• Dexamethasone for COVID-19-Preliminary Report Effect of Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19-Preliminary Report RECOVERY Collaborative Group*, medRxiv, 22 June 2020
• Low-Cost Dexamethasone Reduces Death By Up to One Third in Hospitalized Patients With Severe Respiratory Complications of COVID-19, Journal of Invasive Cardiology, 16 June 2020

• Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, The Lancet, 12 June 2020
• Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in 104 people with SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: a retrospective analysis, The Lancet, 12 June 2020
• Natural History of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection, NEMJ, 12 June 2020
• Neuropathological Features of COVID-19, NEJM, 12 June 2020
• Features of 20?133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study, British Medical Journal, 22 May 2020
• Severe COVID-19, The New England Journal of Medicine, 15 May 2020
• Symptoms of Coronavirus, CDC, 13 May 2020
• Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol, medRxiv , 28 April 2020
• Clinical features of COVID-19, BMJ, 17 April 2020
• Highly ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreas Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection, MedRxiv, 3 March 2020
• Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet, 15 Feb 2020

• Resuming liver transplantation amid the COVID-19 pandemic, The Lancet, 11 June 2020
• Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 10 June 2020
• Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes, Cell Metab, 2 June 2020
• COVID-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases - Case Series from New York, NEJM, 29 April 2020
• The Novel Coronavirus 2019 Epidemic and Kidneys, Kidney Internati0onal, March 2020
• Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of antiretroviral drugs against SARS, MERS, or COVID-19: initial assessment, Journal if International AIDS society. 26 march 2020
• Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Intensive Care Medicine, 28 March 2020

COVID-19 and Coagulopathy

• Enhanced platelet inhibition treatment improves hypoxemia in patients with severe COVID-19 and hypercoagulability. A case control, proof of concept study, ScienceDirect, July 2020
• Thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a French monocenter retrospective study, Critical Care, June 2020
• Thromboelastographic Results and Hypercoagulability Syndrome in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Who Are Critically Ill, JAMA, 5 June 2020
• COVID-19 coagulopathy: an evolving story, The Lancet Haematology, 1 June 2020
• Venous Thrombosis Among Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), JAMA, 29 May 2020
• COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 15 April 2020
• Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (Thrombosis Re, 13 April 2020)
• Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19 (NEJM, 8 April 2020)
• D-dimer is associated with Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Pooled Analysis (Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 4 March 2020)
• Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy, Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 27 March 2020
• Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System- A Review, JAMA, 27 March 2020
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 24 March 2020
• COVID-19: Abnormal Clotting Common in More Severe Disease, Medpages, 24 March 2020

COVID-19 and Heart conditions

• Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy and Mortality in COVID-19, NEJM, 1 May 2020
• Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality JAMA, 27 march 2020
• Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System - A Review, JAMA, 27 March 2020

COVID-19 and Mortality

• Factors Associated With Surgical Mortality and Complications Among Patients With and Without Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy, JAMA, 12 June 2020
• Estimating cases for COVID-19 in South Africa, Media release, 19 May 2020
• Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study, The Lancet, 12 May 2020
• Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study, The Lancet Global Health, 12 May 2020
• OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients, MedRxiv, 7 May 2020
• Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis, Lancet, 30 march 2020
• Characteristics of COVID-19 patients dying in Italy Report based on available data on March 20th, 2020
• Clinical course and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 , The Lancet, 17 March 2020
• Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, The Lancet, 28 march 2020

COVID-19 in Children

• How to Rapidly Determine First-in-Children Dosing for COVID-19 Therapeutics, JAMA, 5 June 2020
• Incidence of COVID-19 in Pediatric Surgical Patients Among 3 US Children's Hospitals, JAMA, 4 June 2020
• Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Disease Severity in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Children's Hospital in New York City, New York, JAMA, 3 June 2020
• Acute myocardial injury: a novel clinical pattern in children with COVID-19, The Lancet, 1 June 2020
• Position Statement: Return of South African children to school, South African Paediatric Association, 30 May 2020
• Ethnicity and COVID-19 in children with comorbidities, The Lancet, 28 May 2020
• The role of children in the transmission of SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) (NIPH, March 2020)
• Current epidemiology and guidance for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, in children: March 2020, Canadian Paediatric Society, 25 March 2020
• COVID-19 in children: the link in the transmission chain, The Lancet, 25 March 2020
• COVID-19 in Children: Initial Characterization of the Pediatric Disease, American Academy of Paediatrics, March 2020
• Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults, Acta Paediatrica, 23 March 2020

COVID-19 and Pregnancy

• Association Between Mode of Delivery Among Pregnant Women With COVID-19 and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Spain, The Lancet, 3 June 2020
• COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate, The Lancet, 1 June 2020
• Outpatient assessment and management for pregnant women with suspected for confirmed novel COVID-19, American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, March 2020.
• Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Pregnancy, Royal College of O&G, 3 April 2020

COVID-19 and HIV positive patients

• Western Cape: COVID-19 and HIV/ Tuberculosis, Western Cape Department of Health, 9 June 2020
• Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort. The Lancet, 28 May 2020
• Potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-positive patients in South Africa, Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, April 2020

Chronic Medication and COVID-19

• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers and the Risk of COVID-19, NEJM, 1 May 2020
• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19, NEJM, 23 April 2020

Chronic Conditions and COVID-19

• New-Onset Diabetes in COVID-19, NEJM, 12 June 2020
• Self-risk assessment for patients with rheumatic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, The Lancet, 1 June 2020
• SARS-CoV-2: Viral Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Targets ? What to learn from Rheumatologists?, Journal of Rheumatology, 25 May 2020

COVID-19 and Cancer

• Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, The Lancet Oncology, 29 May 2020

COVID-19 and Lung conditions

• Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study, The Lancet, 8 June 2020
• COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatment for different phenotypes (Intensive Care Medicine, 14 April 2020)
• COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a "Typical" Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (AJRCCM, 30 March 2020)
• Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients with Lung Cancer (NCBI 20 Feb 2020)
• Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (Lancet Respiratory Med, 17 Feb 2020)
• COVID-19 and ARDs - clarifying the facts (FLARE, updated continuously)

COVID-19 and Immune Response

• Systemically comparing host immunity between survived and deceased COVID-19 patients (Cellular & molecular immunology, 15 June 2020)
• COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses (Cell Death and Differentiation, 10 March 2020)

Lab testing for COVID-19

• Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing, JAMA, 12 June 2020
• Optimising SARS-CoV-2 pooled testing for low-resource settings, The Lancet, 8 June 2020
• Comparison of two commercial molecular tests and a laboratory-developed modification of the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, American Society for Microbiology Journals, 27 May 2020
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Results After Clinical Recovery and Hospital Discharge Among Patients in China, JAMA, 22 May 2020
• SBAR for Performing Pulmonary Function Test in PFT lab, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 10 May 2020
• Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2, JAMA, 6 May 2020
• Sample Pooling as a Strategy to Detect Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, JAMA, 6 April 2020
• NICD advice on role of rapid/serological testing
• Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019, Clinical Infectious diseases, March 2020
• Development and Clinical Application of A Rapid IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis, Journal of Medical Virology, Feb 2020
• WHO Director General 'Welcomes' Costa Rica Call For Pooled Rights To COVID-19 Treatments; G-20 Pledges Broad Support To Emergency Response, Health Policy Watch, 26 march 2020
• GeneXpert: The Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test is a rapid, real-time RT-PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from the SARS-CoV-2 in either nasopharyngeal swab and/or nasal wash/ aspirate specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider- FDA EUA
• Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel corona virus pneumonia during the 2019-2020 epidemic, Intensive care medicine, 12 march 2020

• N95/EQUIVALENT RESPIRATOR QUALITY SCREENING GUIDE, SASA, 15 June 2020
• Effects of Sterilization With Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorine Dioxide on the Filtration Efficiency of N95, KN95, and Surgical Face Masks, JAMA, 15 June 2020
• Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, The Lancet, 1 June 2020
• Assessment of the Qualitative Fit Test and Quantitative Single-Pass Filtration Efficiency of Disposable N95 Masks Following Gamma Irradiation, JAMA. 26 May 2020
• DOH recommendation around the use of cloth masks for the public during COVID-19 (DOH internal memo, 5 April 2020)
• Universal Masking in Hospitals in the COVID-19 Era, New England Journal fo Medicine, 1 April 2020
• Personal, protective equipment for healthcare workers, WITS Donald Gordan 27 March 2020
• Reducing the transmission of COVID-19 when using cloth face-masks: informing public health recommendations, College of medicine South Africa, 31 March 2020
• Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks, Nature Medicine, 3 April 2020
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), ECDC, 7 Feb 2020

Reorienting Resources

• How should health resource allocation be applied during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa?, The South African Medical Journal, 21 May 2020
• Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit, JAMA, 15 May 2020
• Subphenotyping ARDS in COVID-19 Patients: Consequences for Ventilator Management, Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12 May 2020
• Multi-disciplinary team at UJ creates open-source ventilator, Engineering News, 28 April 2020
• Multi-disciplinary team at NMU develop low- cost ventilator, NMU, 15 April 2020
• Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of the American Medical Association, 7 April 2020
• COVID-19 primary care facility preparedness guide (IDSoSA, 8 April 2020)
• COVID-19 hospital facility preparedness additional components (IDSoSA, 8 April 2020)

Doctor perspectives

• Doctor's perspective and views, having been in the frontline of COVID-19 (NEJM, 11 April 2020)

Ventilator shortage and solutions

• ICS Guidance for Prone Positioning of the Conscious COVID-19 Patient 2020 (Intensive Care Soc, 12 April 2020)
• With ventilators running out, doctors say the machines are overused for COVID-19 (STAT News, 8 April 2020)
• Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium urges immediate adoption of early intervention protocol to prevent mortality and reduce the need for ventilators from COVID-19 disease. (Front line COVID-19 critical care consortium, 6 April 2020)
• Use of a single ventilator for multiple patients
• Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of COVID-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 24 March 2020
• Preliminary observations on the ventilatory management of icu COVID-19 patients (SFAR, march 2020)
• Critical care triaging in the shadow of COVID-19: Ethics considerations, SAMJ April 2020