Investing trends during a recession

In the next part of our Investing in a Recession series, we look at some of the more common investing trends during a recession. When the economy is going through a recession, investors are likely to see lower, and in some cases, negative investment returns from asset classes.
In a report released in July 2018, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) noted that despite the weaker-than-expected first quarter in South Africa, the economy is expected to recover somewhat over the rest of 2018 and into 2019.
However, by early September this year, the media was reporting a “surprise recession” on the back of data from Stats SA which revealed that despite high optimism after the appointment of Cyril Ramaphosa as the South African president, South Africa’s economy had shrunk by 0.7% in the second quarter of 2018, after a contraction of 2.6% in the first quarter of the year.
During periods such as this, there are several common knee-jerk reactions by investors that could potentially derail their long-term investment goals.
Investment trend 1: Flight to safety
During volatile periods, there is often a trend where investors channel their funds into the cash asset class rather than equities, through interest-bearing portfolios. This trend appears to be driven by investors adopting a wait-and-see attitude in a volatile market while reaping the benefits of what is perceived to be a safer asset.
Statistics from the Association for Savings and Investment South Africa (ASISA) show that for the 12 months to June 2018, the SA Interest Bearing sector recorded net inflows of R32 billion, with R31 billion going into SA Interest Bearing Short Term portfolios1. These portfolios are typically less volatile since they are mostly invested in cash instruments and are characterised by a regular and high level of income.
The problem with this scenario is that with interest rates at current rates, and after adding fees and taxes into the equation, the investors who have adopted the wait-and-see approach run a high risk of earning returns below inflation. On the other hand, investors who stay the course in equities and listed property can continue to enjoy inflation-beating returns over the longer term.
Something to consider: In the current environment, investors can consider defensive stocks with healthy dividend yields.
These investments are considered defensive as these companies are able to continue earning profits even when economic activity (growth) slows down. These are companies that typically supply items that consumers would continue to buy even when they are trying to cut expenses.
Investment trend 2: Disinvesting or cutting back on investment commitments
As the recession continues and the cost of daily living goes up, investors are likely to start cutting back on expenses in their budget. Unfortunately, money that has been saved or invested is often disinvested during a recession.
Something to consider:
- The importance of an emergency fund comes in here as this means investors would not have to disinvest from their long-term savings
- Losing out on compound growth should also be a deterrent for making a withdrawal or disinvesting ahead of schedule.
For example, from age 25, Xoliswa saves R4 000 a month in a unit trust. It’s difficult, but she has a lot of self-discipline. Over time, the unit trust generates an average return of 8% a year. After 10 years, her investment will be worth R725 146. In total she’s put away R480 000, but the rest of that growth (R245 146) all comes from compound interest. At this point, Xoliswa decides to stop her monthly contributions. She leaves compound interest to work, and when she’s 60, her investment will be R4.97 million.
- The amount Xoliswa contributed in total = R480 000
- Her total investment value at age 60: R4.97 million.
Mark is 35 when he decides to start saving for retirement. He saves the same monthly amount as Xoliswa (R4 000) in a unit trust and earns the same average return of 8% a year. He starts later than he planned, but he's certain he will catch up to Xoliswa; he has 25 years until he retires.
When he’s 60, however, he will have R3.7 million saved. Compounding did the trick for him too, but in total, he has contributed R1.2 million and has earned R2.5 million.
- Total amount Mark contributed = R 1.2 million
- His investment value at age 60: R3.66 million.
c. Investors can also look for providers that can help them save fees on their investments. At Discovery Invest, clients can reduce the admin fees on their retirement savings to zero, or they can get up to 20% extra for their retirement.
Investment trend 3: Panicking and moving money or investments offshore
Investors may consider this strategy since the recession is local and global developed markets may offer better opportunities.
Something to consider: While offshore investments should always form a percentage of a well-diversified portfolio, investors should consider the currency of their liabilities. If investors are based in South Africa and their liabilities are in rands, it does not make sense to have all their investments based offshore. The percentage that is taken offshore will differ between investors, based on their risk profile.
Why Discovery Invest should be your partner of choice
Between the start of the year and the end of August 2018, the JSE All Share Index gained 0.3%. Over the same period, the All Bond Index returned 4.5%, SA Cash gained 4.8% and listed property fell by a whopping 20.1%.1 Despite this volatile environment, the Discovery range of funds have provided good returns:
- Discovery Balanced Fund: had a return of 9.07% for the year to end August 2018.2
- Discovery Diversifed Income Fund: had a return of 8.47% for the year to end August 2018.2
- Our flagship Discovery Balanced Fund was the 7th biggest flow taker in the industry with net flows of R989 million for the second quarter of 2018, making it the 12th biggest retail fund out of more than 1 000 funds in the country (excluding money market funds), as per ASISA (www.asisa.co.za).3
- The Plexcrown Survey for quarter two 2018 shows Discovery Invest retaining a place among the top five asset managers in the country.4
These accomplishments should serve to reassure clients that their investment is in the right place and there is no need to venture off-track by reacting to short-term market movements or downward cycles.
- 1Returns sourced from Bloomberg for period from 01 January 2018 to end August 2018.
- 2 Returns from Profile Data to the end of August 2018
- 3 https://www.asisa.org.za/media-release/local-cis-industry-grows-investor-assets-to-r2-3-trillion/
- 4Plexcrown Survey for quarter two 2018: http://www.plexcrown.co.za
- Investec Asset Management
Disclaimer
Nothing contained herein should be construed as financial advice and is meant for information purposes only. Discovery Life Investment Services Pty (Ltd): Registration number 2007/005969/07, branded as Discovery Invest, is an authorised financial services provider.
What to know before investing in collective investment schemes (unit trusts)
Before you invest in a collective investment scheme, there is important information you should know. This includes how we calculate the value of your investment, what affects the value of your investment, and investment charges you may have to pay. This notice sets out the information in detail. Speak to your financial adviser if you have any questions about this information or about your investment.
What the investment is
This Fund is a Collective Investment Scheme (also known as a unit trust fund) regulated by the Collective Investment Schemes Control Act, 45 of 2002 (CISCA). Collective investment schemes in securities are generally medium- to long-term investments (around three to five years).
Who manages the investment?
Discovery Life Collective Investments (Pty) Ltd, branded as Discovery Invest, is the manager of the Fund. Discovery Invest is a member of the Association of Savings and Investment South Africa (ASISA).
You decide about the suitability of this investment for your needs
By investing in this Fund, you confirm that:
- We did not provide you with any financial and investment advice about this investment
- You have taken particular care to consider whether this investment is suitable for your own needs, personal investment objectives and financial situation.
You understand that your investment may go up or down
1. The value of units (known as participatory interests) may go down as well as up.
2. Past performance is not necessarily an indication of future performance.
3. Exchange rates may fluctuate, causing the value of investments with international exposure to go up or down.
4. The capital value and investment returns of your portfolio may go up or down. We do not provide any guarantees about the capital or the returns of a portfolio.
How we calculate the unit prices and value the portfolios
1. We calculate unit trust prices on a net-asset value basis. (The net asset value is defined as the total market value of all assets in the unit portfolio, including any income accrued and less any allowable deductions from the portfolio, divided by the number of units in issue.)
2. The securities in collective investment schemes are traded at ruling prices using forward pricing. (Forward pricing means pricing all buy and sell orders of units according to the next net-asset value).
3. We value all portfolios every business day at 16:00, except on the last business day of the month when we value the portfolios at 17:00.
4. For the money market portfolio, the price of each unit is aimed at a constant value. This means that all returns are provided in the form of a distribution and that a change in the capital value will be an exception and only due to abnormal losses.
5. Buy and sell orders will receive the same price for that day if we receive them before 11:00 for the money market portfolio and before 14:00for the other portfolios.
6. We publish fund prices every business day, with a three-day lag, on www.discovery.co.za
About managing the portfolio
1. The portfolio manager may borrow up to 10% of the portfolio's market value from any appropriate financial institution in order to bridge insufficient liquidity.
2. The portfolio manager can borrow and lend scrip.
3. The portfolio may be closed in order to be managed according to the mandate (if applicable).
Fees and charges for this investment
There are fees and other charges for this investment.
The fees and charges that apply to this investment are included in the net asset value of the units and you do not have to pay any extra amounts. These fees and charges may include:
- The initial fund management fee
- Commission
- Incentives (if applicable)
- Brokerage fees
- Market securities tax
- Auditor fees
- Bank charges
- Trustee fees
- Custodian fees
You can ask us for a schedule of fees, charges and maximum commissions.
The total expense ratio
- “Total Expense Ratio” means a measure of a portfolio's assets that have been expended as payment for services rendered in the management of the portfolio or collective investment scheme, expressed as a percentage of the average daily value of the portfolio or collective investment scheme calculated over a period of a financial year by the manager of the portfolio or collective investment scheme.
- A percentage of the net asset value of the portfolio is for fees and other charges relating to managing the portfolio. The percentage is referred to as the total expense ratio (TER).
- A higher TER does not necessarily imply poor return, nor does a low TER imply good return.
- The current TER is not an indication of any future TERs. If fees go up, the TER is also expected to increase.
- During any phase-in period, the TERs do not include information gathered over a full year.
Transaction costs (TC)
1. Investors and advisers can use transaction cost (TC) as a measure to work out the costs they will incur in buying and selling the underlying assets of a portfolio.
2. The transaction cost is expressed as a percentage of the daily net asset value of the portfolio calculated over three years on an annualised basis. (This means the amount of interest an investment earns each year on average over three years, expressed as a percentage.)
3. Transaction cost is a necessary costs in administering the Fund. It affects the Fund's returns. It should not be considered in isolation as returns may also be affected by many other factors over time, including:
- Market returns
- The type of fund
- The investment decisions of the investment manager
- The TER.
4. Where a fund is less than one year old, the TER and transaction cost cannot be calculated accurately. This is because:
- The life span of the fund is short
- Calculations are based on actual data where possible and best estimates where actual data is not available.
5. The TER and the TC shown on the fund sheet are the latest available figures.